tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63622666178303469132024-03-13T15:48:03.258+07:00Nyalan IlmuThis blog is dedicated to those who are concerned to educationIndra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.comBlogger373125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-13407614014690059492018-02-18T19:38:00.000+07:002018-02-18T19:38:04.959+07:00Paket Soal Latihan dan pembahasan UASBN SD Sesuai Kisi-kisi Tahun 2018<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNPmydBe3JimshYY8F-DdBZDjfzlefOT4FXZLamu4qDOVAqzrN95Z4rR7iv7r1imtPZIOUQ2qew5_XVi1tTE-oYSCahaw-fnscglKtpT_pt55X2umNuJeM69PvtD9OiIWkZhsv9JLaZZ7_/s1600/SIAP+USBN+2018.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="724" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNPmydBe3JimshYY8F-DdBZDjfzlefOT4FXZLamu4qDOVAqzrN95Z4rR7iv7r1imtPZIOUQ2qew5_XVi1tTE-oYSCahaw-fnscglKtpT_pt55X2umNuJeM69PvtD9OiIWkZhsv9JLaZZ7_/s320/SIAP+USBN+2018.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">T</span>idak terasa tinggal beberapa bulan lagi peserta didik kita/putra puti anda akan mengikuti ujian sekolah. Kali ini saya akan bagikan beberapa soal untuk latihan persiapan Ujian Sekolah dan juga sudah disertai dengan pembahasannya, dan disesuaikan dengan kisi-kisi dari BSNP Tahun 2018.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Silahkan didownload/unduh secara gratis pada link berikut :</div>
<br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1UmpO3g3IIYNn8Svvdp7flNhO0iG5oglW" target="_blank">1. Bahasa Indonesia</a><br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LyfAYjL5Ipa2YIMTm5cjqpEoQi4g-WKQ" target="_blank">2. Pembahasan Bahasa Indonesia</a><br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1aMuO9ELlscsJ1u5tUhjEtXZYxEBLXv-K" target="_blank">3. IPA</a><br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1k_O08rnlfvK-kYOvGXFEX6TUgFaM9LUY" target="_blank">4. Pembahasan IPA</a><br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ufm5Z4XM_y0zLMLBzIfD7vhlCBRScxKT" target="_blank">5. Matematika</a><br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yyHw6inh_xrtdA9snnH8hgNmsz2Q-xof" target="_blank">6. Pembahasan Matematika</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">*) Jika ada link yang error/tidak bisa dibuka segera sampaikan ke kami.</span></i><br />
<br />
Semoga dapat bermanfaat untuk semua.Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-41460544487253831742013-09-30T01:21:00.001+07:002013-09-30T01:21:20.818+07:00Articulation Place<iframe frameborder="0" height="400" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/26670385" width="476"></iframe>Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-52999464630133119312013-07-11T23:42:00.001+07:002013-07-11T23:42:57.474+07:00Welcome Ramadhan<div style="color: blue; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Marhaban Yaa Ramadhan</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Taqqobalahu Minna Waminkum, Taqoballahu Ya Karim,<br />
Marhaban Ya Ramadhan<br />
Allaahumma baariklanaa fi Sya’ban wa ballighnaa Ramadhan<br />
Amin.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">SEMOGA KITA DAPAT MENJALANKAN IBADAH SHAUM DENGAN OPTIMAL DAN MENCAPAI DERAJAT TAQWA YANG SESUNGGUHNYA, AMIN</span></b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.</span></i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="font-family: arial black;">Sucikan hati tuk menyambut bulan suci, mohon maaf atas segala kesalahan.</span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span> </div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Wassalaamu’alaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh</span></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Regard, </span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The Owner Nyalan Ilmu Blog</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Indra Saputra, S.Pd. </span></i> </span>Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-4853294344978563992013-07-11T23:18:00.000+07:002013-07-11T23:39:12.668+07:00Jadwal Imsakiyah Ramadhan 1434 H Wilayah Puruk Cahu Kalteng<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Jadwal Buka Puasa dan Imsakiyah Tahun 2013</b> <b>M / 1434 H</b>
- Insya Allah jadwal ini bermanfaat untuk kaum muslim muslimat sekalian
yang kebetulan nyasar di blog sederhana ini. Karena jadwal ini memiliki
fitur yang lengkap dimana sudah ada pilihan untuk setiap daerah anda
masing-masing. Anda tinggal mencocokkan lokasi/daerah yang sesuai dan
akan otomatis jadwal tersebut beralih sesuai waktu imsak da shalat
daerah anda.<br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a><br />
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Semoga bermanfaat. Semoga kita semua dapat menjalankan ibadah puasa sebulan penuh dan selalu diberkahi oleh Allah SWT dan mendapat Ridha Rahmat Nya. Amin. Wassalam.</div>
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<br />
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mum, mummy, mom (american) = ibu<br />
parent = orang tua (salah satu)<br />
parents = kedua orang tua<br />
child = anak<br />
children = anak (jamak)<br />
son = putra<br />
daughter = putri<br />
brother = saudara lelaki<br />
sister = saudara perempuan<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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granddad, grandpa = kakek</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">grandmother = nenek<br />
grandma, granny = nenek<br />
grandson = cucu lelaki<br />
granddaughter = cucu perempuan<br />
grandchild = cucu<br />
uncle = paman<br />
aunt = bibi<br />
nephew = keponakan laki-laki<br />
niece = keponakan perempuan<br />
wife = istri<br />
husband = suami</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dialog: </span></strong><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A: How many brothers and sisters do you have?</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
B: I have 5 brothers and 2 sisters.</span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A: What number are you?</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
B: - I am the oldest (of five children)<br />
- I am the youngest<br />
- I am the sixth child</span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A: Anty doesn’t have any brothers or sisters.</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
B: Yes, and Jabir is an only child.</span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A: How many children do you have?</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
B: We have two. One son and one daughter.</span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A: Do you have any kids?</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
B: No. I’m not married.</span><br />
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-78502665492748568222013-03-04T02:59:00.001+07:002013-03-04T02:59:36.761+07:00Jurus Khusus Mengerjakan Soal Listening<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="511" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/16902739" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px;" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="479"> </iframe> <br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<b> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/paakguru1/jurus-khusus-mengerjakan-soal-listening" target="_blank" title="Jurus khusus mengerjakan soal listening"></a></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><b><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/paakguru1/jurus-khusus-mengerjakan-soal-listening" target="_blank" title="Jurus khusus mengerjakan soal listening">Jurus khusus mengerjakan soal listening</a> </b> from <b><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/paakguru1" target="_blank">Indra Saputra</a></b> </div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-82701490033141414862013-03-04T02:55:00.000+07:002013-03-04T02:55:00.364+07:00JURUS JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL UN LISTENING <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="511" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/16902654" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px;" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="479"> </iframe><br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="511" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/16902654" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px;" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="479"> </iframe> <br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<b> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/paakguru1/jurus-umum-mengerjakan-soal-un-listening" target="_blank" title="Jurus umum mengerjakan soal un listening">Jurus umum mengerjakan soal un listening</a> </b> from <b><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/paakguru1" target="_blank">Indra Saputra</a></b><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
Semoga dapat bermanfaat dan membantu adik-adik sekalian :) </div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-26456377614753359702013-02-23T07:04:00.000+07:002013-02-23T07:06:33.800+07:00Soal Try Out 2013 SD SMP SMA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sman1tanjung.sch.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/jelang-UN-Lagi.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://sman1tanjung.sch.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/jelang-UN-Lagi.gif" width="188" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hello everybody, wah lama sekali tidak memposting artikel. Dikarenakan kesibukan offline :)</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tidak banyak basa basi, kali ini saya mau berbagi kumpulan soal-soal try out untuk persiapan UN tahun ini. Semua pelajaran sudah saya gabung menjadi 1 file yang di press dengan winrar. Silahkan extract dulu setelah mendownloadnya. Mulai dari tingkat SD, SMP dan SMA. Semoga bisa membantu adik-adik semua. Success for you!!!!!</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Soal Try Out SD 2013</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.4shared.com/rar/mNZUrJmc/Try_Out_2013_SD_wwwnyalanilmub.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyrbrMxcvILSS3wikZOfhyphenhyphenuOWqcP82chp7TFJgEITeNB6JOokbrNE5JvcUOthkqgvlR3dgEC6plJlaHjSqDhM46xj9uF38xCbNB77BWCnNSm5z0dcoupUoETdTiVRYjZBOzOwB8tN-l_c/s200/download.icon" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Soal Try Out SMP 2013</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.sharebeast.com/sps9vek78wlf" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyrbrMxcvILSS3wikZOfhyphenhyphenuOWqcP82chp7TFJgEITeNB6JOokbrNE5JvcUOthkqgvlR3dgEC6plJlaHjSqDhM46xj9uF38xCbNB77BWCnNSm5z0dcoupUoETdTiVRYjZBOzOwB8tN-l_c/s200/download.icon" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Soal Try out SMA</b></span></div>
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<br />Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-72023583211596000152012-10-07T18:30:00.001+07:002012-10-07T18:30:18.921+07:00Reported Speech<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/images/4171.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/images/4171.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terkadang
kita perlu mengatakan apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Ada dua cara
untuk melakukan ini dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni <i>direct speech</i> dan <i>reported
speech.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Direct
speech </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Direct
speech</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> menyatakan
ulang secara persis apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Contoh: </span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jane
said, “I’m so happy today”.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
president said, “I need a vacation”.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Reported
speech </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Reported
speech</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> secara
tidak langsung melaporkan apa yang dikatakan orang lain. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jane
said she was so happy today.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
president said he needed a vacation.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Reported
speech </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menggunakan
bentuk lampau dari <i>direct speech</i>. Jadi jika direct speech dalam bentuk
present tense, maka reported speech dalam bentuk past tense. Contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Direct
Speech</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> - I said,
“She <b>is </b>in her office.”<br />
<i>Reported Speech</i> - I said she <b>was</b> in her office.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apabila
direct speech dalam bentuk past tense, maka reported speech menggunakan bentuk
past perfect.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Direct
Speech</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> - I said,
“She <b>was</b> in her office at lunchtime.”<br />
<i>Reported Speech</i> - I said she <b>had been</b> in her office at lunchtime.
atau - I said she was in her office at lunchtime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam bahasa
Inggris moderen, bentuk past perfect sering tidak diperlukan untuk reported
speech bentuk lampau, kita cukup menggunakan past simple tense.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikut
beberapa bentuk kata kerja umum dalam direct dan reported speech</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 465px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tenses</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Direct /
Reported Speech</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simple
present:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“She is busy”. - I said she was busy.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present continuous:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said, “I
am working now”. - I said I was working now</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simple
past:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“She was here this morning”. - I said she was here this morning. ATAU<br />
I said she had been here this morning.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Past
continuous:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said
“She was studying all yesterday” - I said she was studying all yesterday.
ATAU<br />
I said she had been studying all yesterday</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present
perfect:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“She has worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Past
perfect:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“She had worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Future:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“She will work here from July.” - I said she would work here from July.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Future
continuous:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“We’ll be living here for 6 months.” - I said we would be living here for 6
months.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 110.25pt;" valign="top" width="147">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Can:</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 295.5pt;" valign="top" width="394">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I said,
“She can play the piano well.” - I said she could play the piano well.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">That </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Reported
speech sering diberikan sebagai bagian dari klausa-<i>that</i>, khususnya dalam
bahasa tertulis dan bahasa yang lebih formal. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He said
<b>that</b> he would arrive at 10.00.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He said
he would arrive at 10.00.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kedua
kalimat ini bermakna sama, dan that bisa dihilangkan tanpa ada perubahan makna.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">—</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:<br />
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit59_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit59_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-23975525527098689792012-10-07T18:26:00.000+07:002012-10-07T18:26:09.952+07:00Passive Voice<div style="text-align: justify;">
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.michellehenry.fr/passif.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.michellehenry.fr/passif.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada dua
bentuk “voice” dalam bahasa Inggris, <i>active voice</i> dan <i>passive voice.</i>
Active voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan oleh subjek, contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
secretary wrote a letter (Sekretaris <i>menulis</i> sebuah surat)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Passive
voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan terhadap subjek. Contoh:</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
letter was written by the secretary (Surat <i>ditulis</i> oleh sekreatir)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bentuk </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalimat
pasif dibuat dengan kata kerja “to be” dan kata kerja bentuk ke-3. Berikut
beberapa tenses bahasa Inggris utama yang digunakan dalam passive voice.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 461px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 104.25pt;" valign="top" width="139">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tenses</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simple present:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present continuous: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simple past: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Past continuous: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present perfect: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Past perfect: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Future: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Future continuous:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present conditional:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Past
conditional: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subject</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flowers</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Verb “to
be”</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">are </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">are being </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">were</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">were being</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">have been</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">had been</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">will be</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">will be
being</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">would be </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">would have been </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 118.5pt;" valign="top" width="158">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Verb III</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> every
year </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">now.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> last year</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> last
summer.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> here for
10 years.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> until
last year.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> next
year.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> during
the summer.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted i</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">f we had
seeds.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">planted</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> if we had had seeds.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">By </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
menyatakan apa penyebab sebuah tindakan pasif, kita bisa menggunakan <i>by</i>.
Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
photo was taken <b>by</b> my friend.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I was
given this <b>by</b> my brother.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Seringkali
tidak diperlukan untuk menyatakan penyebab tindakan pasif, khususnya jika
dipahami dengan jelas atau tidak relevan. Sebagai contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
meeting was cancelled (<i>pertemuan itu dibatalkan</i>). (Informasi
penting yang ingin disampaikan adalah pembatalan pertemuan, bukan siapa
yang membatalkannya.)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">These
boots were made in Italy (<i>sepatu-sepatu boot ini dibuat di Italia</i>).
(Informasi yang penting dalam kalimat ini adalah bahwa sepatu-sepatu
tersebut dibuat di Italia, bukan siapa yang membuatnya).</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Born </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketika
berbicara tentang kelahiran orang tertentu atau suatu peristiwa, kita
menggunakan bentuk pasif “to be born”. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I was
born in Iran.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
twins were born just last year.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Get </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Get </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bisa
digunakan menggantikan <i>to be </i>pada situasi dimana sesuatu terjadi.
Contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Our flight
<b>got</b> cancelled = Our flight <b>was</b> cancelled.<br />
- I <b>got </b>paid today = I <b>was </b>paid today.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Get</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tidak bisa
digunakan pada situasi-situasi umum dan apabila bersama dengan kata kerja yang
menyatakan keadaan (bukan tindakan). Contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- He <b>is</b>
liked by a lot of people. - Benar<br />
- He <b>gets </b>liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar<br />
- She <b>is </b>known to be a hard-working employee. - Benar<br />
- She <b>gets</b> known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Get </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">digunakan
lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris informal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">—</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:<br />
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit58_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit58_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-37771296133962305812012-10-07T18:17:00.002+07:002012-10-07T18:18:09.598+07:00Past simple or Present perfect?<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg16PYFb3MUNWHktE_2DUEnBUJGHDlKPmsrMqmVx1hzcw7E1wzVfWu0jeACmdjoZWNkYJ5VVZYGtEkYTr2Lf_Wc3AIR4AJro_AkbTgJfOwkNbofL1QoyTNGvJSn8UxyTlmOUwgv19u1p8/s1600/perfect-tense.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg16PYFb3MUNWHktE_2DUEnBUJGHDlKPmsrMqmVx1hzcw7E1wzVfWu0jeACmdjoZWNkYJ5VVZYGtEkYTr2Lf_Wc3AIR4AJro_AkbTgJfOwkNbofL1QoyTNGvJSn8UxyTlmOUwgv19u1p8/s1600/perfect-tense.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memilih
apakah harus menggunakan <a href="http://nyalanilmu.blogspot.com/2012/10/present-perfect-tense.html" target="_blank">Present Perfect</a> atau <a href="http://nyalanilmu.blogspot.com/2012/09/simple-past-tense.html" target="_blank">Past Simple</a> biasanya tergantung
pada apakah digunakan waktu pasti (definite) atau waktu tidak pasti
(indefinite). Jika waktu pasti lampau digunakan, kita memakai Past Simple, dan
jika tidak ada waktu pasti yang diberikan kita gunakan Present Perfect.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peristiwa
tunggal </span></b></div>
<a name='more'></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I went
to America in March. - Kalimat ini memiliki waktu lampau yang pasti, jadi
kita gunakan Past Simple.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to America. - Disini waktu tidak penting, yang penting adalah fakta
bahwa subjek pergi ke Amerika di waktu lampau.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I read
this book last week. - Pekan lalu (Last week) subjek mulai dan
menyelesaikan membaca buku ini.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
read this book. - Disini waktu juga tidak penting, yang penting adalah
fakta bahwa subjek sebelumnya telah membaca buku tersebut.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Akan tetapi,
Present Perfect bisa digunakan dengan periode waktu yang belum berakhir.
Contoh: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to the doctor today. - Today (hari ini) belum berakhir, jadi kalimat
ini benar.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I went
to the doctor today. - Ini juga benar, sebuah pernyataan tentang tindakan
di masa lampau.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to the doctor yesterday. - Ini tidak benar, yesterday (kemarin)
merupakan periode yang telah berakhir yang tidak berlanjut sampai sekarang
jadi kita tidak menggunakan Present Perfect pada kalimat ini.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Banyak
peristiwa</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Past Simple
dan Present Perfect bisa sama-sama digunakan untuk peristiwa yang banyak.
Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I went
to America three times last year. - Dalam kalimat ini waktu dianggap
penting.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to America three times. - Disini waktu tidak penting, yang ditekankan
adalah fakta bahwa subjek sudah pernah ke Amerika.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Seperti
diatas kita juga bisa menggunakan present perfect untuk banyak peristiwa
apabila waktunya belum berakhir. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to America three times this year. - This year (tahun ini) belum
berakhir, jadi kalimat ini benar.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to America three times last year. - Tidak benar, last year (tahun
lalu) merupakan periode yang telah berakhir, jadi kita tidak bisa
menggunakan Present Perfect.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">—</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit54_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit54_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-15374190971976654242012-10-07T18:10:00.000+07:002012-10-07T18:10:02.676+07:00Present Perfect Tense <div style="text-align: justify;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHOovsysiKLB45tW7gI4wJ7_C1F-pOWxUDzsvkHdl1H3Z0K6pehIy_ZraAqLrqK3rnUGOi4NjDBzdH9mHL0_wcNJypbZJAX2XtjMyeF5fqD5uIpcxhX7PRyaDnRRl1iw3Ys_LuiA3NVAs/s320/present+perfect+tense.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHOovsysiKLB45tW7gI4wJ7_C1F-pOWxUDzsvkHdl1H3Z0K6pehIy_ZraAqLrqK3rnUGOi4NjDBzdH9mHL0_wcNJypbZJAX2XtjMyeF5fqD5uIpcxhX7PRyaDnRRl1iw3Ys_LuiA3NVAs/s320/present+perfect+tense.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present
Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menghubungkan masa lampau dengan masa sekarang.
Kegunaan utamanya adalah untuk menunjukkan relevansi tindakan atau situasi masa
lampau dengan kondisi sekarang. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John <b>has
gone </b>home (telah pulang ke rumah)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John pulang
ke rumah di masa lampau, tetapi yang diinginkan kalimat </span></div>
<a name='more'></a>diatas sebenarnya
adalah dimana dia berada sekarang. Kalimat ini memberikan informasi masa lampau
untuk menginformasikan situasi sekarang. <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bentuk </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present
Perfect dibuat dengan <b>have/has</b> (kata kerja bantu “to have”) dan <b>past
participle</b> (kata kerja bentuk ke-3). Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>have
worked</b> in London.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">She <b>has
worked</b> in a bank.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pasti
participle (Verb 3) beraturan dibentuk dengan menambahkan <i>-ed </i>ke kata
kerja, misalnya <i>work - worked, play - played.</i> Akan tetapi ada banyak
Verb 3 tidak beraturan yang perlu anda ketahui.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikut
adalah bentuk-bentuk Present Perfect dengan kata kerja<i> to work</i>.</span></div>
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<tbody>
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<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 40.0%;" valign="top" width="40%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tunggal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 38.0%;" valign="top" width="38%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jamak</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 22.0%;" valign="top" width="22%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Afirmatif</span></div>
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<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 40.0%;" valign="top" width="40%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I have
worked<br />
You have worked<br />
He has worked<br />
She has worked<br />
It has worked</span></div>
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<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 38.0%;" valign="top" width="38%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We have
worked<br />
You have worked<br />
They have worked</span></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 22.0%;" valign="top" width="22%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Negatif</span></div>
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<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 40.0%;" valign="top" width="40%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I haven’t
worked (haven’t = have not)<br />
You haven’t worked<br />
He hasn’t worked<br />
She hasn’t worked<br />
It hasn’t worked</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 38.0%;" valign="top" width="38%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We haven’t
worked<br />
You haven’t worked<br />
They haven’t worked</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 22.0%;" valign="top" width="22%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Interogatif</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 40.0%;" valign="top" width="40%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Have I
worked?<br />
Have you worked?<br />
Has he worked?<br />
Has she worked?<br />
Has it worked?</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 38.0%;" valign="top" width="38%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Have I
worked?<br />
Have you worked?<br />
Have they worked?</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kegunaan </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikut
beberapa kegunaan Present Perfect. Perlu selalu diingat bahwa untuk semua poin
berikut tujuan utama yakni menghubungkan masa lampau dan masa sekarang adalah
sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A. Masa
lampau yang menginformasikan masa sekarang</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Present
Perfect Tense digunakan untuk memberikan informasi masa lampau yang relevan
dengan keadaan sekarang. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Have
you been shopping? Yes, I went this morning.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertanyaan
“Have you been shopping?” menanyakan tentang fakta masa lampau - apakah You
pergi belanja atau tidak. Akan tetapi, pertanyaan ini ditanyakan karena
kebutuhan masa sekarang - jika You sudah belanja, pembicara tidak perlu pergi
sekarang - jika You belum belanja pembicara perlu pergi sekarang. Pertanyaan
ini adalah pertanyaan tentang kebutuhan masa sekarang, bukan fakta masa lampau.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present
Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menghubungkan pengalaman masa lampau. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Have
you been to Italy?</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No, I
haven’t been there.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lagi-lagi,
pertanyaan “Have you been Italy?” menanyakan tentang fakta masa lampau, tetapi
masa atau kondisi lampau tidak begitu penting. Justru penanya menginginkan
informasi ini untuk kebutuhan sekarang - mungkin penanya sedang membicarakan
tentang perjalanan keluar negeri, atau mungkin tertarik dengan Italia. Kita
tidak bisa menjelaskan hanya dari satu kalimat, tetapi yang menjadi fokus
disini adalah pada kebutuhan sekarang, bukan masa lampau.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Present
Perfect Tense digunakan untuk pencapaian/prestasi. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">James
has won first prize for math.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">James
memenangkan hadiah di masa lampau, tetapi yang menjadi fokus kalimat adalah
prestrasinya sekarang ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B. Masa
lampau sampai masa sekarang</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Present
Perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan perubahan dari masa lampau sampai masa sekarang.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John’s
English wasn’t very good, but he’s got much better.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Antara
sebuah waktu di masa dan sekarang, Bahasa Inggris John telah mengalami
peningkatan. Fokus tidak terlalu ditujukan pada seberapa buruk English John di
masa lampau, tetapi justru seberapa baik English dia sekarang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Present
Perfect digunakan untuk sebuah situasi atau tindakan yang bermula di masa
lampau dan masih terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Kita umum menggunakan <i>for </i>dan
<i>since</i> pada situasi-situasi seperti ini. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John
has lived in Boston for 5 years.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John datang
ke Boston 5 tahun yang lalu dan masih tinggal disana.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He has
(He’s) been a lawyer for 12 years.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present
Perfect digunakan untuk tindakan yang berulang yang dimulai di masa lampau dan
terus berlanjut sampai sekarang Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We’ve
been to England 4 times.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subjek (we)
pada kalimat diatas pergi ke England beberapa kali di masa lampau, dan
kemungkinan akan kesana lagi di masa yang akan datang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Present
Perfect digunakan untuk sebuah periode waktu yang dimulai di masa lampau tetapi
masih terus berlanjut sampai sekarang.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
studied at the library every day this week.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This week
bermula di masa lampau, tetapi masih berlangsung, belum berakhir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Waktu pasti
dan tak pasti </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Salah satu
aturan mudah tentang Present Perfect adalah tenses ini tidak bisa digunakan
bersama dengan waktu pasti (definite time). Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been on vacation. Benar</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I went
on vacation last month. Benar</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been on vacation last month. Tidak benar</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kita tidak
bisa menggunakan waktu pasti bersaa dengan Present Perfect. Present Perfect
menggunakan informasi masa lampau untuk berfokus pada waktu sekarang, jadi
menyebutkan waktu lampau juga tidak tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebagai
aturan umum: Jika waktu pasti di masa lampau penting, gunakan Present Simple -
Jika waktu pasti di masa lampau tidak penting, gunakan Present Perfect. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I went
to Paris last year. - Yang menjadi fokus adala masa lampau</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ve
been to Paris. - Yang menjadi fokus adalah bagaimana pengalaman di Paris
mempengaruhi masa sekarang.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Present
Perfect bisa digunakan bersama dengan kata keterangan waktu. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I
haven’t had a vacation recently.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perlu
diperhatikan bahwa Present Perfect bisa digunakan dengan periode waktu yang
belum selesai. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I
haven’t had a vacation this year. (Benar) - Tahun ini belum habis, jadi
Present Perfect digunakan untuk waktu yang terus berlanjut dari masa lalu
sampai sekarang.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I
haven’t had a vacation last year. Tidak benar</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">—Reference: </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit51_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit51_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-89690563128839685032012-09-30T19:07:00.000+07:002012-09-30T19:07:09.314+07:00English Language Game Shows For Learning<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20120817235548/mysims/images/thumb/2/2b/Game_Show_Sybol_full.jpg/291px-Game_Show_Sybol_full.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20120817235548/mysims/images/thumb/2/2b/Game_Show_Sybol_full.jpg/291px-Game_Show_Sybol_full.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
There are various English language games that can help an English
student to practice their language skills. Learning the English language
through playing games can provide students with a fun and entertaining
learning experience. There are many possibilities, so it is a good idea
to try many different kinds of learning games to find what kind is
enjoyable for the students involved.</div>
<a name='more'></a> Students may even find that
different kinds of games are good for different kinds of English
practice. Some fun game ideas used in shows on television are actually
useful for English language practice. Here are some fun English language
game show ideas for you to try.<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>Question the Answer</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
One fun English language game idea is commonly known as a television
game show called Jeopardy. The show is based around trivia questions and
answers that are related to a variety of topics. What makes the concept
special is that contestants on the show are shown categories of
answers, instead of being shown questions to answer. The game
contestants are asked to provide the question that the given answer is
answering. For instance: if the category is sports and the answer is “A
sport with a bat and a ball.”, then a contestant would respond with
“What is baseball?” Students of the English language can use this same
game idea for practicing their English. Two or more students gather
together and choose a category for the questions and answers. The
categories should be something that both students know well. The
students take turns offering answers and replying with questions, like
in the game show. It is a good idea to have a native English speaker
present, but it is not completely necessary. This game can be a fun way
for English language students to practice asking questions. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>Guess the Object </strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Here is another fun game for English language students to enjoy. The
game show this is based on is known as Pyramid. The contestants on this
game show are grouped in pairs. One contestant is shown something to
describe to the other contestant. One contestant describes and the other
contestant guesses what the other contestant is describing. Here is an
example: One contestant says “It’s round and orange and you can eat it. “
The other contestant responds by guessing until correctly saying “An
orange.” Students of the English language can enjoy improving their
English ability by using this game idea for practice describing
something to another person and also by guessing what is being
described. The game requires a minimum of two people, although a group
of people in pairs can also play. Each student should make a list of
things that the other student knows, such as everyday objects or places
they are both familiar with. The students then either take turns
describing and guessing, or one student describes and one student
guesses during the entire game. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
These fun English language game show ideas are an entertaining way to improve English ability. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: http://www.1-language.com/articles/english-language-game-shows-for-learning </span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-12275944920011420022012-09-30T19:02:00.000+07:002012-09-30T19:02:09.019+07:00American and British Spelling Styles<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/959b6abfb675fc09c4534995618190e8_1M.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/959b6abfb675fc09c4534995618190e8_1M.png" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
While studying the English language, intermediate and advanced students will likely start to notice that there are occasionally variations in how a word is spelled. There are various English speaking locations in the world today and some locations use a specific way of spelling certain words of the English language. Two of the primary ways of spelling English words are categorized as either being American English or British English. Dictionaries in both book form and also in software applications for a computer are available in both English spelling formats.<a name='more'></a><br /><br />English language students may wonder why there are various ways to spell the same word in one language. It seems to be historically documented that there were no spelling standards prior to the early 1700’s. A popular dictionary was reportedly released in England in 1755 and another in the United States in 1828. The dictionary of each locale apparently had a major influence on the way each area spelled the words of the English language. Thus, the modern variation in spelling that is found in American and British forms of English is primarily considered a result of dictionaries.<br /><br />The reason for specific spelling differences is another interesting story. The author of the dictionary released in the United States is said to have had a strong interest in making English easier to spell. Many of the simple spellings were not actually adopted, even though appearing in the dictionary. Some of the British spellings for English words are due to an apparent scholarly preference for a more classical spelling. Much of this is based around a somewhat French spelling of English words. Here are some examples and explanations.<br /><br /><b>Airplane (American) / Aeroplane (British)</b><br /><br />The word “aeroplane” is said to be a French loan word. The modern British spelling is more similar to the French spelling. The word “airplane” is still used occasionally in England, although “aeroplane” is apparently much more common.<br /><br /><b>Fairy (American) / Faerie (British)</b><br /><br />The word “faerie” is also said to be a French loan word. It is also apparently okay use “faery” as a more British spelling of the English word.<br /><br /><b>Music (American) / Musick (British)</b><br /><br />The word “music” occasionally appears as “musick” in some literature. This is somewhat uncommon, but may still be seen in certain documents.<br />-or (American) / -our (British)<br /><br />There are many words with more than one syllable that end in “or” in American English. The same words are spelled with “our” in British English. The words are specifically the ones ending in an “or” sound in all spoken English, instead of a longer “our” sound. This is conceptually the reason for the shortened spelling style. Here are some of the words that are spelled this way: color / colour, honor / honour, neighbor / neighbor. One of the words where the “our” sound is longer and have not been changed to an “or” spelling in American English is “contour.” This is due to a longer “our” sound.<br />You now hopefully understand why some words are spelled differently in American and British English styles.<br /></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-3212431107284102572012-09-23T14:50:00.001+07:002012-09-23T14:50:12.381+07:00Bahan Ajar Bahasa Inggris kelas 4 SD - HouseBahan ajar bahasa Inggris untuk kelas 4 SD tentang kosa kata benda-benda di rumah. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="400" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/14408869?hostedIn=slideshare&page=upload" width="476"></iframe>Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-85452163702585501012012-09-23T14:38:00.001+07:002012-09-23T14:50:29.794+07:00Bahan Ajar Bahasa Inggris kelas 3 SD - FamilyBerikut ini bahan ajar yang berbentuk slide powerpoint, yang bisa kawan gunakan melalui media laptop dan proyektor. Selamat berkreasi :)<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="400" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/14408752?hostedIn=slideshare&page=upload" width="476"></iframe><br />
<br />Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-36283616681817990542012-09-23T14:33:00.003+07:002012-09-23T14:33:51.765+07:00Mengajarkan Bahasa Inggris di SD<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiw83om25IRneAQx3WayRHxeA0lTIu4u_U4xwONbRMJLOF3eCT9sWjcqxIsRyl_DgLG2teFd3ku-_OIFc2gac1I410PQXKNq6htGAvZ-Z9XoNj_fbWoTetMWECNe41-5UwKOmzqFjvJhMQ/s1600/30012012444.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiw83om25IRneAQx3WayRHxeA0lTIu4u_U4xwONbRMJLOF3eCT9sWjcqxIsRyl_DgLG2teFd3ku-_OIFc2gac1I410PQXKNq6htGAvZ-Z9XoNj_fbWoTetMWECNe41-5UwKOmzqFjvJhMQ/s200/30012012444.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mengajarkan Bahasa Inggris untuk tingkat Sekolah Dasar harus sabar dan telaten. Apalagi untuk mereka yang mengajarkan mulai kelas 1 - 6. Perlu kita ajarkan hal-hal yang umum dalam Berbahasa Inggris. Seperti bagaimana pengucapan dan menulisnya. Karena agak sulit, siswa kita semua belum terbiasa akan bahasa yang agak asing bagi mereka dan menganggap itu adalah </div>
<a name='more'></a>sesuatu yg baru. Seperti ketika kita menyapa salam sehari-hari seperti Good mornig, students. Howdy? How's your day? I will check your attendance. Jangan kuatir, sering kita mengucapkan sepeerti itu, maka pemikiran mereka akan cepat menangkapnya. Dan lama-kelamaan akan terbiasa, kemudian akan meresponnya.<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Seperti contoh saya bertanya, where is Andi? siswa serentak menjawab "sick mister". Jawaban yang singkat, namun mereka telah menangkap arah pertannyaan saya. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Nanti akan saya bagikan beberapa contoh bahan ajar yang telah saya buat, dan saya praktekkan untuk mengajar pada siswa saya pada postingan selanjutnya.</div>
<br />Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-77542752772339985362012-09-23T14:10:00.002+07:002012-09-23T14:10:31.784+07:00Adverbs of Degree - enough/too/very <div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/trina/adverb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/trina/adverb.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adverbs of Degree </span></b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(kata
keterangan tingkat) </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menunjukkan seberapa banyak atau sejauh mana sesuatu terjadi. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mike is
a <b>very</b> good student.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’m <b>quite
</b>excited about my interview tomorrow.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada banyak
jenis kata keterangan tingkat. Beberapa yang paling umum diantaranya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">almost,
completely, enough, extremely, hardly, just, nearly, pretty, quite, too,
scarcely, so, such, very.</span></i></div>
<a name='more'></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kata
keterangan tingkat (adverb of degree) biasanya ditempatkan sebelum kata sifat
(adjective), kata keterangan (adverb), atau kata benda yang akan ditunjukkan
tingkatnya. Contoh: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">That
test was <b>extremely </b>difficult.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You did
<b>pretty </b>well in that test.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>almost</b>
got an ‘A’ in our test.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Enough</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Enough </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berarti
jumlah atau tingkat yang memuaskan. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’m so
busy, I haven’t got <b>enough</b> time.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Do you
have <b>enough</b> potatoes?</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Enough</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ditempatkan
setelah adjective dan adverb:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
jacket isn’t <b>big enough</b> for me.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">She
speaks English <b>well enough</b> to go to an American university.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Enough </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">biasanya
ditempatkan sebelum kata benda:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We have
<b>enough money</b> to buy our own apartment.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kita sering
menggunakan <i>enough…for</i>, khususnya untuk orang dan hal. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
job isn’t good <b>enough for her</b>.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We have
<b>enough</b> time <b>for a quick lunch.</b></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Enough…to
infinitif </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga
merupakan struktur yang umum. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">She’s
old <b>enough to drive </b>a car.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We have
<b>enough</b> time<b> to eat </b>some lunch.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Too </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Too</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> berarti
lebih dari cukup, jumlah atau tingkat yang berlebihan. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
room is <b>too</b> hot.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He eats
<b>too</b> quickly.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Too</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> juga
digunakan bersama <i>for</i>: Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
book is <b>too</b> simple <b>for</b> me</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Our
apartment is <b>too</b> small <b>for</b> us.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Too…to</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <i>infinitif</i>
juga merupakan struktur yang umum. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Our
apartment is<b> too</b> small <b>to live in.</b></span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Too dan very
</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Very</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> berarti
sesuatu dilakukan sampai tingkat yang tinggi, biasanya faktual. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He
finishes his work <b>very </b>quickly.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Too</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> berarti
sesuatu dilakukan sampai tingkat yang berlebihan, sering dijadikan sebagai
kritik.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He
finishes his work<b> too</b> quickly.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Very</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> merupakan
sebuah kata yang umum, jadi jika anda ingin menggunakan kata-kata yang berbeda
untuk meningkatkan kosa-kata anda kata-kata berikut dapat digunakan
menggantikan very.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">absolutely,
acutely, amply, astonishingly, awfully, certainly, considerably, cruel, dearly,
decidedly, deeply, eminently, emphatically, exaggeratedly, exceedingly,
excessively, extensively, extraordinarily, extremely, greatly, highly,
incredibly, indispensably, largely, notably, noticeably, particularly,
positively, powerfully, pressingly, pretty, prodigiously, profoundly, really,
remarkably, substantially, superlatively, surpassingly, surprisingly, terribly,
truly, uncommonly, unusually, vastly, wonderfully.<br />
(Quoted from Roget’s New Millennium¢â Thesaurus, First Edition)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference: </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit50_grammar.htm" target="_blank" title="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit50_grammar.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursen…</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-11635617119740257282012-09-23T14:05:00.001+07:002012-09-23T14:05:33.184+07:00Prepositions and Conjuctions of Time - by / from / until<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. By </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">By </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menunjukkan
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ll be
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Our
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">By the time </span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
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<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">By that time</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I hope
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Untill</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Until</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> berarti
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“I’ll
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disini sekarang, tetapi baru akan memulai bekerja pada waktu antara
sekarang sampai September.</span></li>
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<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Till </span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">From…to/until
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Western
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’m
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the end of August.</span></li>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">From…to</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> sedikit
lebih informal dibanding<i> from…until</i>.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:<br />
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit48_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit48_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-32962635613993316102012-09-23T14:02:00.000+07:002012-09-23T14:02:37.912+07:00Prepositions and Conjuctions of Time - before / after / as soon as<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhITxoaIXa9kGUeNpNqc8Q1XIcV4ojqB1dvJO5cLGEfY5_QuoBLOA1F48cedYzZadinuhuHTJhcTHWMjdvpcD0PQTzimAfRTgpA8jXF6IahYmpa0pizV9982qE1XvzoL0mpFucF92Jfk/s320/conjunctions.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhITxoaIXa9kGUeNpNqc8Q1XIcV4ojqB1dvJO5cLGEfY5_QuoBLOA1F48cedYzZadinuhuHTJhcTHWMjdvpcD0PQTzimAfRTgpA8jXF6IahYmpa0pizV9982qE1XvzoL0mpFucF92Jfk/s320/conjunctions.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Before</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Before </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">digunakan
untuk sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We
should finish this exercise <b>before 4.00.</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I need
to buy a present <b>before </b>James comes.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Before</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">
starting any business, it’s a good idea to write a business plan.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan
bahwa apabila sebuah preposisi diikuti oleh kata kerja, kata kerja tersebut
harus berakhiran -<i>ing</i>. Contoh: </span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Where
did you live <b>before coming </b>to America? Benar</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Where
did you live <s>before to come</s> to America? Tidak benar</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">After </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">After </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">digunakan
untuk sesuatu yang terjadi setelah waktu tertentu. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’ll
see you <b>after</b> work.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Camilla
won’t be home until <b>after</b> midnight.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">David
got promoted <b>after </b>just two years with the company.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As</span></i></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> yang
menunjukkan waktu </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
apabila dua tindakan singkat terjadi bersamaan. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I
dropped my keys <b>as </b>I left my apartment.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> juga
digunakan apabila dua tindakan lama terjadi bersamaan. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">His
health improved <b>as </b>he exercised more.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> time
went by his English got better.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga
digunakan apabila sebuah tindakan terjadi selama berlangsungnya situasi utama.
Contoh:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I woke
up as the sun was rising.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">She
arrived <b>as</b> you were leaving.</span></li>
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<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As</span></i></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> sebagai
alasan </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sering
digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang merupakan penyebab sesuatu lainnya,
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I’m
going to bed early<b> as</b> I have to get up early tomorrow.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> we’re
not busy, let’s meet this afternoon for lunch.</span></li>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As soon as </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As soon as</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
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give you a call <b>as soon as</b> I’m finished.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">As soon
as</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> they
go out let’s eat lunch.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We’ll send
payment <b>as soon as</b> you fax the signed contract.</span></li>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference: </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit49_grammar.htm" target="_blank" title="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit49_grammar.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursen…</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-6267170626417003942012-09-23T13:56:00.002+07:002012-09-23T13:56:15.088+07:00Prepositions and Conjuctions of Time - for / during / while / when<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. For </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">For</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> menunjukkan
berapa lama sesuatu terjadi. Ini digunakan untuk menunjuk pada sebuah periode
waktu. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We’re
going to live in Malta <b>for 6 months.</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">She’s
in New York <b>for a few days.</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We went
to Saudi Arabia <b>for a week. <a name='more'></a></b></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lihat juga
unit terkait tentang Present Perfect dan since. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. While /
During</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">During</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan <i>while
</i>menunjuk pada sebuah periode waktu dimana sesuatu terjadi. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">My
phone rang <b>while</b> I was in a meeting.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">My
phone rang <b>during</b> the meeting.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">During</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
bersama kata benda atau frase kata benda. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We were
busy<b> during the weekend.</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">During
the night</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> the cat woke me up.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The
Athenians suffered heavy losses <b>during the battle of Salamis.</b></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">While </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">digunakan
bersama subjek dan kata kerja. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We went
shopping <b>while you were sleeping.</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You
shouldn’t eat <b>while you are </b>in the library.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">While I
was working</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> I got an email from Tamara.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. When /
While</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">When</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan <i>while</i>
keduanya bisa digunakan apabila dua hal terjadi pada saat yang sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apabila dua
tindakan kontinyu terjadi pada saat yang sama, biasanya kita menggunakan <i>while</i>.
Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<b>While</b>
you were studying I went out shopping.” <i>Studying</i> dan <i>shopping</i>
adalah tindakan.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apabila dua
peristiwa singkat terjadi pada saat yang sama, kita menggunakan <i>when</i>.
Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<b>When</b>
I saw you I didn’t recognize you.” <i>I saw you</i> dan <i>I didn’t
recognize</i> <i>you</i> adalah peristiwa tersendiri.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I heard
you <b>when</b> you opened the door.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam
situasi ini, penggunaan <i>while </i>tidak benar. Contoh</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<s>While</s>
I saw you I didn’t recognize you.”</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika salah
satu situasi dasar kontinyu terjadi dan satu kejadian singkat lainnya terjadi
pada saat yang sama, maka <i>when </i>maupun <i>while </i>keduanya bisa
digunakan. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“When I
was in Rome I met my wife.” - “While I was in Rome I met my wife.”</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“I cut
myself while I was cooking dinner.” - “I cut myself when I was cooking
dinner.”</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Posisi
klausa <i>while</i> dan<i> when</i> dapat saling ditukar yang biasanya
menghasilkan sedikit perbedaan makna.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Don’t
forget to lock the door <b>when </b>you go out. - <b>When</b> you go out
don’t forget to lock the door.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We’re
still growing <b>while </b>other businesses are losing clients. - <b>While</b>
other businesses are losing clients, we’re still growing.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference: </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit47_grammar.htm" target="_blank" title="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit47_grammar.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursen…</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-334857282782834782012-09-23T13:51:00.001+07:002012-09-23T13:51:45.837+07:00Modal verb - Wish / Would<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--U0EinpDqEk/T-9amM4fJtI/AAAAAAAADH8/G0yvr3TAv4U/s1600/would-teacher-flavia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--U0EinpDqEk/T-9amM4fJtI/AAAAAAAADH8/G0yvr3TAv4U/s200/would-teacher-flavia.jpg" width="196" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wish … would</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
apabila pembicara menginginkan situasi sekarang menjadi berbeda. Pembicara
tidak puas dengan situasi yang ada dan pembicara menganggap bahwa hal yang
diharapkan tidak akan mungkin terjadi. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I wish
Jane would call me.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I wish
they would stop fighting.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I wish
the dog would stop barking.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I wish
the dog wouldn’t keep barking.<a name='more'></a></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karena <i>wish…would
</i>sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan keluhan, maka tidak lazim menggunakan
struktur ini untuk membicarakan tentang diri anda. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“I wish
I’d study more.” Ini tidak lazim meskipun bukannya tidak benar.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wish…would</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
untuk tindakan, tetapi tidak lazim untuk kondisi/keadaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- I wish I
had more time. Memiliki (”have”) sesuatu merupakan keadaan dan bukan tindakan,
jadi kita gunakan past tense “had”.<br />
- I wish I <s>would have</s> more time. Tidak benar<br />
- I wish I knew the answer.<br />
- I wish I <s>would know</s> the answer. Tidak benar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Would rather
</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Would rather
+ kata kerja</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (kata kerja
dasar) digunakan untuk menyatakan kecondongan (preferensi). Ini sering
menunjukkan bahwa kita tidak menyukai pilihan yang tersedia lainnya. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Let’s
go shopping this evening”. “Oh, I<b>‘d rather go</b> tomorrow.” (And I
don’t want to go this evening)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Which
book would you rather buy?” “I’<b>d rather buy</b> this one. That one
isn’t so good.”</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Would rather
</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga
digunakan dengan past simple apabila dimaksudkan untuk permintaan yang kuat,
biasanya disertai otoritas. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Can I
meet John after lunch, Mom?” “Yes, but I<b>‘d rather</b> you <b>did</b>
your homework first”.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“I<b>‘d
rather</b> you didn’t tell anyone about the party. It’s going to be a
surprise.”</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semua
struktur dengan <i>would rather</i> lebih sering ditemukan dalam bahasa Inggris
Britis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Would mind</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Would mind </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">digunakan untuk
membuat permintaan yang sopan. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<b>Would</b>
you <b>mind </b>closing the window?”</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<b>Would</b>
you <b>mind</b> waiting a few minutes? I need to buy some stamps.”</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<b>Would</b>
you <b>mind </b>if we didn’t come tonight? We’re just really tired, that’s
all.”</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:<br />
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit46_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit46_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-23668497831816866232012-09-23T13:48:00.000+07:002012-09-23T13:48:06.879+07:00Modal verb - Should / Ought to<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihpZX_mAFka5Gmu8BqHyF81d5ERtVbCAL0DZ3GrenHYpRWnU1dVHWrkH1OyFxbarXmXcmeW-zjUZxT1Ek8jSOisWtMCN9CnfBCMoWIxBRhPsZSjPKTIwLJaJOwFI6wFfWYidZ4rproRky5/s1600/shouldoughttohadbetter.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihpZX_mAFka5Gmu8BqHyF81d5ERtVbCAL0DZ3GrenHYpRWnU1dVHWrkH1OyFxbarXmXcmeW-zjUZxT1Ek8jSOisWtMCN9CnfBCMoWIxBRhPsZSjPKTIwLJaJOwFI6wFfWYidZ4rproRky5/s320/shouldoughttohadbetter.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Should</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Should
adalah modal verb yang digunakan untuk memberikan nasihat dan anjuran. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You <b>should</b>
see a doctor.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You <b>should</b>
keep your promises.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Should</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> we buy
her a present?</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Should </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga bisa
digunakan untuk menunjukkan kewajiban. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>should
</b>call my Mum tomorrow.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He <b>should</b>
apologize to Mary.<a name='more'></a></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Should </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga digunakan
untuk sesuatu yang diharapkan keberadaannya.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tony <b>should</b>
arrive here at 12.00.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">It’s
12.30, and Tony <b>should</b> be here.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This
book is wrong, that answer <b>should</b> be “A”.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ought to </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ought to</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> bisa
digunakan selain <i>should</i>. <i>Ought to</i> kurang umum dibanding <i>should</i>
dan kedengarannya lebih bernuansa Britis.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You <i>ought
to</i> say thank you for the present. (You <i>should </i>say thankyou for
the present)</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bentuk
negatif dan bertanya kurang umum dan lebih bernuansa bahasa Inggris Britis.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We <b>ought
not to</b> be late for the meeting.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertanyaan
sering dibuat dengan “Do you think..”</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Do you
think I <b>ought to</b> get up earlier?</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertanyaan
yang hanya menggunakan ought to jarang dipakai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Ought I to
get up earlier?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:<br />
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit44_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit44_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-56403621075926669802012-09-23T13:45:00.001+07:002012-09-23T13:45:25.129+07:00Modal Verb - Must / Have to<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/jocelyn/must%20have%20got%20have%20to.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/jocelyn/must%20have%20got%20have%20to.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Must dan
Have to yang berarti <i>keharusan</i></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan <i>have
to</i> adalah modal verb yang sering digunakan untuk menyatakan keharusan.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>have
to</b> go home now.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>must</b>
arrive by 12.00.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Have to</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
untuk keharusan yang sifatnya umum. Contoh:</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>have
to</b> finish this before 12.00.</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (Pembicara memiliki kewajiban umum untuk
menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut sampai jam 12.00)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> digunakan
untuk keharusan yang sifatnya mewakili pribadi.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>must</b>
finish this before 12.00.</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (Pembicara memiliki rasa tanggung jawab pribadi
yang kuat untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut).</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tidak
memiliki bentuk lampau, jadi kita gunakan have to untuk bentuk lampaunya.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <b>had
to</b> get up early this morning.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I <s>must
got up</s> early this morning. Ini tidak benar.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan
bahwa <i>have to</i> kedengaran seperti kata kerja normal, bisa memiliki
tenses-tenses berbeda dan menggunakan kata kerja bantu untuk pertanyaan dan
kalimat negatif. Contoh:</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Do</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> we <b>have
to</b> go out tonight?</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You <b>don’t
have to</b> come with us.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tidak
menggunakan kata kerja bantu atau tenses-tenses berbeda.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must we
go out tonight? (Ini kedengaran lebih berbau Britis, I really don’t want
to go out tonight.)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We
mustn’t forget the tickets. (Tidak ada kata kerja bantu “to do”, cukup
tambahkan not.)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bentuk
negatif </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Don’t have
to </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berarti
bahwa sesuatu tidak perlu, tetapi mungkin.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You <b>don’t
have to</b> come, but you can if you want to.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We <b>don’t
have to</b> leave today.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must not </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">lebih kuat
dan berarti bahwa sesuatu yang dimaksud dilarang.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You
must not push the red button.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We
mustn’t be late.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Must dan
have to yang berarti <i>kepastian</i></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Must</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan<i> have
to</i> juga bisa menyatakan kepastian.</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This <b>must</b>
be the ight way.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This <b>has
to</b> be the right way.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reference:<br />
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit43_grammar.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit43_grammar.htm</span></a></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6362266617830346913.post-12113537125714845002012-09-22T18:25:00.002+07:002012-09-22T18:25:35.323+07:00Jam Sekolah Akan Ditambah Oleh Kemendiknas<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cdn-u.kaskus.co.id/86/4c8aimyn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://cdn-u.kaskus.co.id/86/4c8aimyn.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Pemerintah berencana akan menambah jam belajar di sekolah untuk semua
siswa di jenjang pendidikan dasar sampai pendidikan menengah. Menteri
Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Mendikbud), Mohammad Nuh beralasan, nilai
sosial yang berubah sehingga menuntut adanya perubahan di dunia
pendidikan.</div>
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"Alasannya jelas karena ada perubahan sosial. Daripada lebih banyak di
luar sekolah dan tercemar hal negatif, lebih baik kita perpanjang waktu
di sekolahnya," kata Nuh seusai membuka Indonesian Science Festival
(ISF), di Senayan, Jakarta, Rabu (19/9/2012).<br />
<br />
Diakui Nuh, berdasarkan hasil kaji ulang Kementerian Pendidikan dan
Kebudayaan (Kemdikbud), efektivitas pembelajaran di sekolah masih sangat
kurang. "Sekarang ini, berapa lama anak anak-anak ada di sekolah, enam
sampai delapan jam. Tapi untuk apa kalau efektivitasnya belum memuaskan,
maka kita tambah waktu di sekolahnya," pungkas Nuh.<br />
<br />
Untuk diketahui, rencana pemerintah untuk menambah waktu anak-anak di
sekolah menuai berbagai tanggapan. Saat ini, rencana itu masih terus
dimatangkan oleh Kemdikbud selaras dengan pematangan kurikulum nasional
yang baru dan akan mulai berlaku di tahun ajaran 2013-2014.<br />
<br />
Sementara itu, Sekretaris Jenderal Federasi Serikat Guru Indonesia
(FSGI), Retno Listiyarti tidak sependapat dengan usulan penambahan jam
sekolah tersebut. Ia menilai pemerintah keliru besar saat berencana
menambah jam di sekolah.<br />
<br />
"Wah jangan, menambah jam sekolah akan memberatkan siswa, stres," kata Retno kepada Kompas.com, Selasa (18/9) malam.<br />
<br />
Ia mencontohkan, siswa kelas 1 SMA misalnya, saat ini dibebani sekitar
17 mata pelajaran. Rata-rata, mereka berada di sekolah selama enam
sampai tujuh jam, lima hari dalam seminggu. Atau siswa di Sekolah Dasar
(SD). Meski lebih luang, tapi dinilai Retno juga cukup berlebih.<br />
<br />
Hal itu terjadi karena ada beberapa materi pelajaran yang diberikan
sebelum waktunya. "Harusnya dikurangi, bukan ditambah. Misalnya anak SD,
mereka belum begitu perlu belajar teknologi informasi," ungkapnya.<br />
<br />
Pernyataan Retno bukan tanpa alasan. Ia beranggapan setiap siswa harus
diberi lebih banyak waktu untuk mengembangkan kompetensi sosial.
Misalnya berorganisasi, mendorong mereka berlatih berbicara untuk
menumbuhkan jiwa kepemimpinan.<br />
<br />
"Kalau lama di sekolah, kapan waktu mereka bersosial, berorganisasi?
Menambah waktu di sekolah akan membuat anak menjadi tidak kritis,"
pungkas Retno.<br />
<br />
Sependapat dengan Retno, Psikiater Prof Dr dr LK Suryani SpKj
berpandangan, dewasa ini terjadi kecenderungan semakin muda usia
penderita sakit kejiwaan karena anak-anak tidak siap menerima beban
pelajaran di sekolah. Kesimpulan ini berdasarkan hasil penelitiannya dan
kunjungan ke tempat praktiknya, sudah ada anak SD yang mengalami
gangguan jiwa.<br />
<br />
Menurut Suryani, penyebab terbesarnya karena beban pelajaran sekolah,
anak-anak dituntut cepat bisa membaca, menulis dan berhitung
(calistung). Apalagi ditambah mereka harus belajar di sekolah hingga
sore hari.<br />
<br />
Suryani berharap para guru memahami perkembangan mental anak. Anak
jangan dipaksakan belajar, tetapi hendaknya membuat siswa SD dari kelas I
sampai III terangsang mempunyai semangat belajar, mau belajar dan
berani berbicara.<br />
<br />
"Di dalam mendidik, seyogianya guru jangan menganggap anak sudah tahu
macam-macam sehingga tidak perlu dididik calistung. Harusnya anak-anak
juga diajak menyanyi dan bercerita untuk mengekspresikan emosi," papar
Suryani. (kom/brs/ts)<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Source:<br /><a href="http://esq-news.com/2012/berita/09/19/pemerintah-berencana-menambah-jam-sekolah.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+esqnews+%28ESQ+News%29" target="_blank">http://esq-news.com/2012/berita/09/1...%28ESQ+News%29</a></span>
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Indra Saputrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294202603732712604noreply@blogger.com0