Ada dua
bentuk “voice” dalam bahasa Inggris, active voice dan passive voice.
Active voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan oleh subjek, contoh:
- The secretary wrote a letter (Sekretaris menulis sebuah surat)
Passive
voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan terhadap subjek. Contoh:
- The letter was written by the secretary (Surat ditulis oleh sekreatir)
Bentuk
Kalimat
pasif dibuat dengan kata kerja “to be” dan kata kerja bentuk ke-3. Berikut
beberapa tenses bahasa Inggris utama yang digunakan dalam passive voice.
Tenses
Simple present:
Present continuous:
Simple past:
Past continuous:
Present perfect:
Past perfect:
Future:
Future continuous:
Present conditional:
Past
conditional:
|
Subject
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
|
Verb “to
be”
are
are being
were
were being
have been
had been
will be
will be
being
would be
would have been
|
Verb III
planted every
year
planted now.
planted last year
planted last
summer.
planted here for
10 years.
planted until
last year.
planted next
year.
planted during
the summer.
planted if we had
seeds.
planted if we had had seeds.
|
By
Untuk
menyatakan apa penyebab sebuah tindakan pasif, kita bisa menggunakan by.
Contoh:
- This photo was taken by my friend.
- I was given this by my brother.
Seringkali
tidak diperlukan untuk menyatakan penyebab tindakan pasif, khususnya jika
dipahami dengan jelas atau tidak relevan. Sebagai contoh:
- The meeting was cancelled (pertemuan itu dibatalkan). (Informasi penting yang ingin disampaikan adalah pembatalan pertemuan, bukan siapa yang membatalkannya.)
- These boots were made in Italy (sepatu-sepatu boot ini dibuat di Italia). (Informasi yang penting dalam kalimat ini adalah bahwa sepatu-sepatu tersebut dibuat di Italia, bukan siapa yang membuatnya).
Born
Ketika
berbicara tentang kelahiran orang tertentu atau suatu peristiwa, kita
menggunakan bentuk pasif “to be born”. Contoh:
- I was born in Iran.
- The twins were born just last year.
Get
Get bisa
digunakan menggantikan to be pada situasi dimana sesuatu terjadi.
Contoh:
- Our flight
got cancelled = Our flight was cancelled.
- I got paid today = I was paid today.
- I got paid today = I was paid today.
Get tidak bisa
digunakan pada situasi-situasi umum dan apabila bersama dengan kata kerja yang
menyatakan keadaan (bukan tindakan). Contoh:
- He is
liked by a lot of people. - Benar
- He gets liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar
- She is known to be a hard-working employee. - Benar
- She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar
- He gets liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar
- She is known to be a hard-working employee. - Benar
- She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar
Get digunakan
lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris informal.
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